Structure of informal employment: informality in the main or secondary job (including side jobs), 2000–2020, % of the total number of respondents included in informal labour relations. Note: In 2000-2001, informal/formal employment is determined without taking into account questions about the job contract due to their absence in the questionnaire. The question about the salary paid at the main job has been asked since 2008. Source: author’s calculations based on HSE RLMS data.

 
 
  Part of: Biryukova SS, Sinyavskaya OV, Kareva DE (2022) Long-term dynamics of informal employment and its relationship with the poverty of the Russian population against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. Population and Economics 6(1): 14-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/popecon.6.e78235